Cesium carbonate, 99% (metals basis)

Description

Chemical Properties

· Formula: Cs₂CO₃
· Formula weight: 325.82
· Melting Point: 610° dec.
· Density: 4.072
· Sensitivity: Hygroscopic. Ambient temperatures.
· Form: Powder/Granules
· Solubility: Freely soluble in water. Soluble in ethanol, dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide.

Literature References
Can be used to prepare Cs salts of N-protected amino acids or peptides, which can then be cleanly esterified by treatment with an alkyl halide in DMF: Helv. Chim. Acta, 56, 1476 (1973); J. Org. Chem., 42, 1286 (1977). Carboxylic acids can be esterified in high yield with an alkyl halide and Cs2CO3 at ambient temperature in DMF: Synth. Commun., 30, 2687 (2000). Benzoic acids can be esterified by refluxing with an alcohol in acetonitrile: Org. Prep. Proced. Int., 28, 480 (1996).

The di-Cs salts of catechol and resorcinol are superior to other alkali metal salts in the reaction with dibromoethers in DMF to give crown ethers: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 285 (1979). Also used in the facile synthesis of alkyl phenyl ethers from phenols and alkyl halides in acetonitrile: Synth. Commun., 25, 1367 (1995), and catalytically in the O-methylation of phenols by heating in excess dimethyl carbonate: Synlett, 1063 (1998); K2CO3 was found to be less effective. Indoles undergo N-alkylation in DMPU: Synlett, 2394 (2004).

For use in formation of macrocyclic sulfides from dithiols and dibromoalkanes, see: J. Org. Chem., 46, 4481 (1981); Org. Synth. Coll., 8, 592 (1993). Salts of other metals are ineffective.
For a review of the 'cesium ion effect' and macrocyclization, see: Org. Prep. Proced. Int., 24, 285 (1992).

Superior base for Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination reaction of phosphonates: Chem. Lett., 335 (1989); Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 100, 267 (1991).

For cleavage of 2-oxazolidinones to give amino alcohols, see: Tetrahedron Lett., 28, 4185 (1987).

For a brief feature on uses of the reagent in synthesis, see: Synlett, 2447 (2004).

Applications
Cesium carbonate is the precursor for other cesium compounds. It acts as a base in sensitive organic reactions. Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira synthesis are some of the important reactions involving cesium carbonate. It finds use in solar cells as it increases the power conversion efficiency of cells through the transfer of electrons. It is also used in the production of special optical glasses, petroleum catalytic additives, special ceramics, and in sulfuric acid industry. It is useful in the N-alkylation (of sulfonamides, beta-lactams, indoles, heterocycles, and several sensitive nitrogen compounds), carbamination of amines, carbonylation of alcohols, and aerobic oxidation of alcohols into carbonyl compounds without over oxidations.

Notes
Hygroscopic. It is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, metals and acids.

Other References:
· Beilstein : 4546405
· Merck : 14,2010

GHS Hazard and Precautionary Statements
Hazard Statements : H315-H319-H335-H303
Causes skin irritation.Causes serious eye irritation.May cause respiratory irritation.May be harmful if swallowed.

Precautionary Statements : P261-P305+P351+P338-P302+P352-P321-P405-P501a
Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water.Specific treatment (see label). Store locked up.Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.
 

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위험 및 안전 코드  

위험 문구 : 36/37/38
Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.

안전 문구 : 26-37-60
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste

· TSCA : 예
· RTECS : FK9400000